If your spouse paid his/her student loans during the marriage from either of your income, can you ask for reimbursement?

That is right. If court is deciding your case and even if your spouse did not work at all and you have been the bread-winner paying all the living expenses and you made payments during your marriage to pay off your student loan debts, your spouse can ask for half of all that you paid back.
A reasoning is that your income was both of yours and you paid your separate debt with both of your income.